Definitions - impairment v disability

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2013 DWP Internal Review of the Work Capability Assessment p78

It is helpful to clarify two important terms used throughout the report.

Impairment is a significant, demonstrable, deviation or loss of body structure or function. The key feature is that impairment can be identified through objective evidence: ‘detectable ... by direct observation or by inference from observation’.

Disability is limitation of activities and restriction of participation in life situations, in people with physical and/or mental condition(s) or impairment(s).

An individual may use aids and adaptations to modify the impact of their disability. This then determines their capability (the ability to effectively perform the tasks of a job) in relation to work.

WHO. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.http://www3.who.int/icf/icftemplate/cfm. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2001.11